UTERINE ARTERY EMBOLISATION MELBOURNE
FIBROIDS AND ADENOMYOSIS TREATMENT
Learn about Uterine Artery Embolisation including the procedure, benefits, risks and recovery:
UTERINE ARTERY EMBOLISATION MELBOURNE
TREATMENT FOR FIBROIDS AND ADENOMYOSIS
Medically reviewed by: Dr Philip Chan – MBBS, MMed (Radiology), FRANZCR, EBIR-ES.
Interventional Radiologist.
Uterine artery embolisation (UAE) – Overview:
Uterine artery embolisation (UAE) is a minimally invasive treatment for symptoms caused by fibroids or adenomyosis. It reduces blood flow to the affected tissue, potentially helping relieve heavy periods, pelvic pain and pressure. UAE preserves the uterus and may be an alternative to surgery for suitable patients.
Learn more about Uterine Artery Embolisation by accessing the buttons below:
WHAT IS A UTERINE ARTERY EMBOLISATION
What is Uterine Artery Embolisation (UAE) – A Uterine Artery Embolisation (UAE) is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat fibroids or adenomyosis.
Fibroids – Fibroids are noncancerous growths in or on the uterus, made of muscle and connective tissue.
Adenomyosis – Adenomyosis is a condition where endometrial tissue (tissue that lines the uterus) grows into the uterine muscle.
Both Fibroids and Adenomyosis can cause pelvic pain, pressure, heavy periods, bloating, anaemia, frequent urination and an enlarged uterus.
A Uterine Artery Embolization (UAE) blocks the blood flow to the uterine arteries causing the fibroid and adenomyosis tissue to shrink over time to help relieve the painful symptoms.
Source: Cleveland Clinic – Uterine Artery Embolisation
Uterine Artery Embolisation: Procedure Summary
Uterine artery embolisation (UAE) is a minimally invasive treatment for uterine fibroids and selected cases of adenomyosis. It reduces blood flow to the affected tissue, helping it shrink and potentially relieving heavy periods, pelvic pain and pressure.
At WIRES Radiology, your suitability is assessed based on your symptoms, imaging, medical history and future pregnancy plans.
| Procedure | What to expect |
|---|---|
| 1. How it works | A thin catheter is guided through an artery in the wrist or groin. Tiny particles are delivered into the uterine arteries to reduce blood flow to the affected tissue. |
| 2. Anaesthesia | AnaesthesiaUsually performed under local anaesthetic with sedation. |
| 3. Procedure time | Typically 45–60 minutes, although this can vary. |
| 4. Hospital stay | Hospital stayUsually an overnight stay for observation and pain management. |
| 5. Pain management | Pelvic pain and cramping are expected, particularly during early recovery. Your treating team will provide an individual pain-management plan. |
| 6. Recovery | Allow around 1–2 weeks for initial recovery. Returning to work, driving and exercise depends on your progress and your doctor’s advice. |
| 7. Potential results | Symptoms may gradually improve over the following weeks and months. Follow-up assesses your recovery and response to treatment. |
| 8. Risks | Possible risks include infection, bleeding, changes to periods or ovarian function, and effects on future pregnancy. Your doctor will explain the risks relevant to you. |
| 9. Future pregnancy | Preserving the uterus does not guarantee fertility. Discuss any pregnancy plans before deciding on treatment. |
HOW IS A UTERINE ARTERY EMBOLISATION PERFORMED
Uterine artery embolisation is performed by an interventional radiologist using X-ray guidance. The procedure usually takes 45–60 minutes as follows:
1. Anaesthetic and sedation – Local anaesthetic numbs the insertion site, and sedation helps you relax.
2. Catheter insertion – A small tube called a catheter is inserted into an artery in the wrist or groin and guided towards the uterine arteries.
3. Image guidance – X-ray imaging and contrast dye help the radiologist see the blood vessels and position the catheter.
4. Embolisation – Tiny particles are delivered through the catheter to reduce blood flow to the fibroids or adenomyosis tissue.
5. After the procedue – The catheter is removed and the insertion site is dressed. You will be monitored and given pain relief as needed.
Source: John Hopkins – Uterine Artery Embolisation
WHO IS A SUITABLE CANDIDATE FOR A UTERINE ARTERY EMBOLISATION
Uterine artery embolisation may be an option for women with fibroids or adenomyosis who are experiencing symptoms that affect their daily life. You may wish to discuss UAE with your doctor if you have:
Heavy or prolonged periods
Pelvic pain or pressure symptoms due to a bulky uterus or fibroids
Anaemia caused by excessive menstral bleeding
Symptoms that have not improved sufficiently with other treatments
A preference to keep your uterus and explore a less invasive treatment option (avoid a major operation).
Your doctor will assess your suitability based on your symptoms, scans, medical history and pregnancy plans. UAE is usually performed under local anaesthetic and sedation and may offer a shorter recovery than open surgery. Your doctor will discuss the potential risks with you.
WHEN UAE MAY NOT BE SUITABLE
UAE may not be the best option for everyone. Further assessment is particularly important if you:
Are pregnant or think you may be pregnant
Have an active pelvic infection
Have a suspected cancer or an unexplained abnormality that needs investigation
Have a significant contrast allergy, kidney condition or blood vessel problem
Are planning a future pregnancy
Take blood-thinning medication or have a bleeding disorder.
Some of these factors may require additional investigation or a modified treatment plan. Your doctor will discuss whether UAE or another treatment is most appropriate for you.
POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF A UTERINE ARTERY EMBOLISATION
A Uterine Artery Embolisation procedure has the following potential benefits when compared to traditional surgery:
Uterine preservation – UAE treats fibroids or adenomyosis without removing the uterus.
Minimally invasive procedure – The procedure is performed through a small puncture in an artery in the wrist or groin.
Symptom relief – Reducing blood flow to the affected tissue may help improve heavy periods, pelvic pain and pressure over time.
Shorter hospital stay & shorter recovery time — UAE may involve a shorter hospital stay and have shorter recovery time.
Lower risk profile – Less bleeding risk and lower infection risk than traditional surgery
Can treat multiple fibroids — UAE can target multiple fibroids supplied by the treated arteries during one procedure.
Suitable for women on blood thinners.
Your doctor can explain the potential benefits and risks and help you decide whether UAE is suitable for you.
Medical reference: Clements W, Brown N, Buckley B, et al. Quality care guidelines for uterine artery embolisation in women with symptomatic uterine fibroids in Australia and New Zealand. Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology. 2022;66(6):819–825. View reference
WHERE DOES UAE FIT IN THE TREATMENT OF FIBROIDS OR ADENOMYOSIS?
Treatment depends on your symptoms, imaging results, general health, future pregnancy plans and personal preferences. Uterine artery embolisation (UAE) is one of several options that may be considered including:
| Potential treatment | What does it involve |
|---|---|
| 1. Monitoring | If symptoms are mild or absent, your doctor may recommend monitoring your condition before starting treatment. |
| 2. Medication | Medicines may help manage symptoms such as heavy periods and pelvic pain. The options depend on your condition and medical history. |
| 3. UAE | A minimally invasive procedure that reduces blood flow to fibroids or affected adenomyosis tissue. It preserves the uterus and may help improve symptoms. |
| 4. Myomectomy | Surgery to remove fibroids while preserving the uterus. It may be considered for suitable patients, particularly when future pregnancy is a priority. |
| 5. Hysterectomy | Surgery to remove the uterus. It may be considered when other treatments are unsuitable or have not provided sufficient relief. Pregnancy is not possible after a hysterectomy. |
These options are not necessarily a sequence. Your gynaecologist and interventional radiologist can discuss the benefits, risks and suitability of each treatment with you.
PREPARING FOR A UTERINE ARTERY EMBOLISATION
Preparing for a Uterine Artery Embolisation – Before your procedure, Dr Chan and the WIRES Radiology team will explain how to prepare and answer any questions you may have. Depending on your circumstances, preparation may include:
| Preparation | Description |
|---|---|
| 1. Imaging | An ultrasound or MRI may be reviewed or arranged to assess the uterus, fibroids or adenomyosis. |
| 2. Blood tests | These may be needed to check your blood count, kidney function and other aspects of your health. |
| 3. Medication review | Tell your doctor about all prescription medicines, over-the-counter medicines and supplements you take, including blood thinners. |
| 4. Pregnancy and allergies | Let your treating team know if you are pregnant, could be pregnant, or have an allergy to contrast dye or medication. |
| 5. Fasting | You will receive specific instructions about when to stop eating and drinking before the procedure. |
| 6. Getting home | Arrange for someone to drive you home after your hospital stay. |
| 7. Support at home | Consider arranging help with household tasks while you recover. |
RECOVERY – AFTER A UTERINE ARTERY EMBOLISATION
Recovery varies for each person. Your treating team will provide advice on activity, medication and rehabilitation, and answer any questions you may have.
Overnight hospital stay – Please prepare for an overnight hospital stay for observation and pain management. You will likely experience pelvic pain/cramps in the first 12-24 hours. These will slowly settle over the next 7-14 days.
Pain management – You may have aching at the incision site and in your abdominal and pelvic muscles. Your hospital care team will provide pain relief and monitor your symptoms. You will also receive advice about managing pain at home.
Post embolisation syndrome – Post embolisation syndrome is caused by the body’s reaction to the operation. Patients often feel fatigued, have low grade fever, nausea, vomiting, low appetite, generalised muscle and joint aches – similar to having a cold without the head symptoms. Your doctor will explain how to manage these symptoms.
Do not assume that a persistent fever or worsening symptoms are part of normal recovery – Seek advice early from your doctor.
Returning to activities – Avoid strenuous activity or lifting anything over 5 kilos. After the two week mark most patients can increase their activity levels (this varies) as you feel able and as advised by your doctor.
Your treating team will provide specific guidance about returning to work, driving, lifting and exercise.
When should I seek medical advice – Contact your treating team promptly if you develop:
- A persistent or increasing fever
- Severe or worsening pelvic pain
- Heavy vaginal bleeding or offensive-smelling vaginal discharge
- Increasing redness, swelling or bleeding at the catheter insertion site
- Any other symptoms that concern you or are worsening
- Seek urgent medical attention for severe symptoms or if you feel seriously unwell. In an emergency, call 000.
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
A Uterine Artery Embolisation is generally a short 45 minutes to 1 hour procedure. Most patients will stay overnight in hospital for observation.
Light activities – Light activities can typically be resumed within two weeks following the procedure.
High-impact activities – We recommend avoiding high-impact activities for at least four weeks after the procedure.
Please discuss your rehabilitation with your doctor.
First month – After your initial recovery period of 1 month, most patients will have recovered from the procedural symptoms.
Your periods may become erratic or stop after a UAE, especially if you are over the age of 40 or perimenopausal.
Ongoing relief – 3-6 months after a Uterine Artery Embolisation most women experience lighter menstrual bleeding as well as less pelvic pain and pressure as the fibroids or adenomyosis tissue shrinks.
Risks – Like any medical procedure, a Uterine Artery Embolisation carries certain risks. Potential risks may include but not limited to:
- Infection from the insertion site
- Bruising or injury in the insertion site or within the uterus
- Infertility problems with future pregnancy
- Inconsistent menstrual cycle
Your doctor will outline all the risks specific to your situation.
A Uterine Artery Embolisation is usually well-tolerated procedure. It is a minimally invasive interventional radiology procedure performed under local anaesthetic.
Immediately after the procedure – After the procedure, some patients experience mild to moderate soreness, swelling or aching at the insertion site.
Most patients feel only mild discomfort or pressure as the catheter is inserted and guided the blood vessels. A local anesthetic is used at the insertion site, which helps minimise pain.
Post surgery – Cramping from the procedure for the first 6-12 hours is common. Most post-procedure pain is generally manageable with over-the-counter medications.
Your doctor will discuss and monitor a pain management plan you.
Uterine Artery Embolisation is a safe and effective procedure, but like any medical treatment, it has potential side effects.
Common Side Effects may include:
Pain and Cramping – Moderate to severe pelvic pain is common for a few days after the procedure but improves with medication.
Post-Embolisation Syndrome – Flu-like symptoms (fatigue, nausea, low fever, mild discomfort) may last a few days to a week.
Vaginal Discharge and Spotting – Light bleeding or brown discharge can continue for a few weeks to months as fibroids shrink.
Temporary Changes in Menstrual Cycle – Periods may be heavier, lighter, irregular, or even stop temporarily before returning to normal.
Your doctor will fully explain the procedure and any potential side effects and mitigation strategies to make you as comfortable as possible during and after the procedure.
MESSAGE FROM DR CHAN:
This information is designed to help you understand UAE and prepare for your procedure. As every patient is different, not all details may apply to you. I am happy to answer your questions during your consultation, or you can contact the WIRES Radiology team.
Dr Philip Chan – MBBS, MMed (Radiology), FRANZCR, EBIR-ES
Interventional Radiologist
If you have any questions about Uterine Artery Embolisation please contact WIRES Interventional Radiology.
Your doctor will be able to give you a better understanding of your unique medical situation:
WIRES INTERVENTIAL RADIOLOGY
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